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Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing

Received: 20 April 2018     Accepted: 5 May 2018     Published: 22 May 2018
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Abstract

A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
Page(s) 115-125
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cotton Fabric, Flame Retardant, Layering, Flammability Test

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. (2018). Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 7(4), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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    ACS Style

    Sechin Chang; Brian Condon; Elena Graves; Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2018, 7(4), 115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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    AMA Style

    Sechin Chang, Brian Condon, Elena Graves, Jade Smith. Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2018;7(4):115-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11,
      author = {Sechin Chang and Brian Condon and Elena Graves and Jade Smith},
      title = {Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {7},
      number = {4},
      pages = {115-125},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20180704.11},
      abstract = {A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Anti-Flammable Properties of Cotton Fabrics Using Eco Friendly Inorganic Materials by Layering Self-Assisted Processing
    AU  - Sechin Chang
    AU  - Brian Condon
    AU  - Elena Graves
    AU  - Jade Smith
    Y1  - 2018/05/22
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 115
    EP  - 125
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180704.11
    AB  - A flame retardant surface has been prepared by the layer-by layer assemblies of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), kaolin, urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on cotton fabrics. Four different kinds of cotton fabrics (print cloth, mercerized print cloth, mercerized twill, and fleece) were prepared using solutions of BPEI, urea, DAP, and kaolin. Layer-by-layer assemblies for flame retardant properties were applied by the pad-dry-cure method and each coating formula was rotated for 10, 20, 30, or 40 bilayers. To assess the effectiveness to resist flame propagation on treated fabrics of different constructions the vertical flammability test (ASTM D 6413-11) was used. In most cases char lengths of fabrics that passed the vertical flammability tests were less than 50% of the original length and after-flame and after-glow times were less than one second. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen indices (LOI, ASTM D 2863-09) were also used to test for flame retardancy. All untreated fabrics showed LOI values of about 19-21% oxygen in nitrogen. LOI values for the four types of treated fabrics were greater than 35% when add-on wt% values were between 11.1 – 18.6 wt %. In addition, structural characterizations of treated fabrics were studied by SEM methods.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA

  • United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA

  • United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA

  • United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service - Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, USA

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