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Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation

Received: 15 September 2019     Accepted: 26 September 2019     Published: 10 October 2019
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Abstract

Nowadays, industrial products are downsized, and the structure of materials is controlled with the nanometer precision, and it becomes very important to measure the mechanical properties of local area of bulk material. Especially the hardness and the elastic modulus are important mechanical properties. The orientation dependence of hardness and reduced modulus of single crystal sapphire surface was investigated by nanoindentation. The conventional technique to measure the hardness of materials using an optical micrometer cannot evaluate mechanical properties of a local region of several µm or less. However, nanoindentation can measure mechanical properties of very small surface area of materials, and is expected to detect the micro structure dependence of mechanical properties. Nanoindentation uses very small indenter made of diamond, and measures the indentation depth. The measured depth is converted to the indented area size using the area function. The area function of the indenter can be obtained using a standard material (fused quartz) in advance. Therefore nanoindentation can measure the indented area size without using an optical micrometer. In this report, it was shown that the nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of mechanical properties of materials. The specimen was a single crystal sapphire with c - axis surface, and the indenter was Berkovich type diamond tip. It was confirmed that the nanoindentation hardness was the lowest, and the reduced modulus was the largest, when the ridge line of indenter was oriented to the m - axis of single crystal. The nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of a local area of mechanical properties materials.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11
Page(s) 76-80
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nanoindentation, Hardness, Elastic Modulus, Single Crystal, Sapphire

References
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[5] Hidetoshi Somekawa, Tomohito Tsuru, Alok Singh, Seiji Miura and Christopher A. Schuh., Acta Mater., 139, 21 (2017).
[6] E. Renner, Y. Gaillard, F. Richard, F. Amiot and P. Delobelle., Int. J. Plasti., 77, 118 (2016).
[7] Saurav Goel, Graham Cross, Alexander Stukowski, Ernst Gamsjäger, Ben Beake and Anupam Agrawal, Comput. Mater. Sci., 152, 196 (2018).
[8] Ian N. Snedon, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 3, 47 (1965).
[9] Anthony C. Fisher-Cripps, “Nanoindentation”, Springer., 257 (2011). 3.
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[11] A. M. Minor, E. T. Lilleodden, E. A. Stachand J. W. Morris., J. Mater. Res., 19, 176 (2004).
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Toshiro Okawa, Ian Thomas Clark, Katsuhiko Tashiro, Hideo Honma, Kazuhiro Yoshihara, et al. (2019). Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 8(5), 76-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11

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    ACS Style

    Toshiro Okawa; Ian Thomas Clark; Katsuhiko Tashiro; Hideo Honma; Kazuhiro Yoshihara, et al. Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2019, 8(5), 76-80. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11

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    AMA Style

    Toshiro Okawa, Ian Thomas Clark, Katsuhiko Tashiro, Hideo Honma, Kazuhiro Yoshihara, et al. Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2019;8(5):76-80. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11,
      author = {Toshiro Okawa and Ian Thomas Clark and Katsuhiko Tashiro and Hideo Honma and Kazuhiro Yoshihara and Osamu Takai},
      title = {Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {8},
      number = {5},
      pages = {76-80},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20190805.11},
      abstract = {Nowadays, industrial products are downsized, and the structure of materials is controlled with the nanometer precision, and it becomes very important to measure the mechanical properties of local area of bulk material. Especially the hardness and the elastic modulus are important mechanical properties. The orientation dependence of hardness and reduced modulus of single crystal sapphire surface was investigated by nanoindentation. The conventional technique to measure the hardness of materials using an optical micrometer cannot evaluate mechanical properties of a local region of several µm or less. However, nanoindentation can measure mechanical properties of very small surface area of materials, and is expected to detect the micro structure dependence of mechanical properties. Nanoindentation uses very small indenter made of diamond, and measures the indentation depth. The measured depth is converted to the indented area size using the area function. The area function of the indenter can be obtained using a standard material (fused quartz) in advance. Therefore nanoindentation can measure the indented area size without using an optical micrometer. In this report, it was shown that the nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of mechanical properties of materials. The specimen was a single crystal sapphire with c - axis surface, and the indenter was Berkovich type diamond tip. It was confirmed that the nanoindentation hardness was the lowest, and the reduced modulus was the largest, when the ridge line of indenter was oriented to the m - axis of single crystal. The nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of a local area of mechanical properties materials.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Orientation Dependence of Hardness and Reduced Modulus of Single Crystal Sapphire Surface Measured by Nanoindentation
    AU  - Toshiro Okawa
    AU  - Ian Thomas Clark
    AU  - Katsuhiko Tashiro
    AU  - Hideo Honma
    AU  - Kazuhiro Yoshihara
    AU  - Osamu Takai
    Y1  - 2019/10/10
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 76
    EP  - 80
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190805.11
    AB  - Nowadays, industrial products are downsized, and the structure of materials is controlled with the nanometer precision, and it becomes very important to measure the mechanical properties of local area of bulk material. Especially the hardness and the elastic modulus are important mechanical properties. The orientation dependence of hardness and reduced modulus of single crystal sapphire surface was investigated by nanoindentation. The conventional technique to measure the hardness of materials using an optical micrometer cannot evaluate mechanical properties of a local region of several µm or less. However, nanoindentation can measure mechanical properties of very small surface area of materials, and is expected to detect the micro structure dependence of mechanical properties. Nanoindentation uses very small indenter made of diamond, and measures the indentation depth. The measured depth is converted to the indented area size using the area function. The area function of the indenter can be obtained using a standard material (fused quartz) in advance. Therefore nanoindentation can measure the indented area size without using an optical micrometer. In this report, it was shown that the nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of mechanical properties of materials. The specimen was a single crystal sapphire with c - axis surface, and the indenter was Berkovich type diamond tip. It was confirmed that the nanoindentation hardness was the lowest, and the reduced modulus was the largest, when the ridge line of indenter was oriented to the m - axis of single crystal. The nanoindentation could detect the structure dependence of a local area of mechanical properties materials.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Scienta Omicron, Inc., Tokyo, Japan

  • Seiko Epson Corporation, Nagano, Japan

  • Materials & Surface Engineering Research Institute, Kanto Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan

  • Materials & Surface Engineering Research Institute, Kanto Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan

  • National Institute for Material Science, Ibaraki, Japan

  • Materials & Surface Engineering Research Institute, Kanto Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan

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